The evolution of Brown-York quasilocal energy due to evolution of Lovelock gravity in a system of M0-branes

TL;DR

This paper studies how the Brown-York quasilocal energy evolves in a system of M0-branes forming complex brane structures, revealing its growth during Lovelock gravity emergence and reduction during brane separation, with implications for cosmological phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a model linking M-brane dynamics with the evolution of Brown-York energy in Lovelock gravity, highlighting energy changes during brane interactions and transitions.

Findings

Brown-York energy increases during brane collision and black hole formation.

Energy decreases and approaches zero as branes separate and Lovelock gravity disappears.

Formation of anti-gravity states to resolve tachyonic instabilities.

Abstract

Recently, it has been suggested in [JHEP 12(2015)003] that the Brown-York mechanism can be used to measure the quasilocal energy in Lovelock gravity. We have used this method in a system of M0-branes and show that the Brown-York energy evolves in the process of birth and growth of Lovelock gravity. This can help us to predict phenomenological events which are emerged as due to dynamical structure of Lovelock gravity in our universe. In this model, first, M0-branes join to each other and form an M3-brane and an anti-M3-branes connected by an M2-brane. This system is named BIon. Universes and anti-universes live on M3-branes and M2 plays the role of wormhole between them. By passing time, M2 dissolves in M3's and nonlinear massive gravities, like Lovelock massive gravity, emerges and grows. By closing M3-branes, BIon evolves and wormhole between branes makes a transition to black hole. During this stage, Brown-York energy increases and shrinks to large values at the colliding points of branes. By approaching M3-branes towards each other, the square energy of their system becomes negative and some tachyonic states are produced. To remove these states, M3-branes compact, the sign of compacted gravity changes, anti-gravity is created which leads to getting away of branes from each other. Also, the Lovelock gravity disappears and it's energy forms a new M2 between M3-branes. By getting away of branes from each other, Brown-York energy decreases and shrinks to zero.