Multipartite entanglement in heterogeneous systems

TL;DR

This paper explores highly entangled states in heterogeneous multipartite quantum systems, demonstrating their existence, providing construction methods, and highlighting their advantages in quantum information tasks.

Contribution

It introduces new constructions for genuinely multipartite maximally entangled states in heterogeneous systems, linking them to quantum error correction and orthogonal arrays.

Findings

Existence of highly entangled heterogeneous states with maximally mixed reductions

Two methods for constructing such states for any number of subsystems

Advantages of heterogeneous systems in multipartite steering applications

Abstract

Heterogeneous bipartite quantum pure states, composed of two subsystems with a different number of levels, cannot have both reductions maximally mixed. In this work, we demonstrate existence of a wide range of highly entangled states of heterogeneous multipartite systems consisting of $N>2$ parties such that every reduction to one and two parties is maximally mixed. Two constructions of generating genuinely multipartite maximally entangled states of heterogeneous systems for an arbitrary number of subsystems are presented. Such states are related to quantum error correction codes over mixed alphabets and mixed orthogonal arrays. Additionally, we show the advantages of considering heterogeneous systems in practical implementations of multipartite steering.