Testing the tetraquark structure for the $X$ resonances in low-lying region

TL;DR

This paper investigates the four-quark structure of low-lying $X$ resonances by calculating their masses through color-spin interactions, suggesting possible quantum number assignments for several controversial states.

Contribution

It provides a consistent mass estimation for $X$ resonances assuming a four-quark structure, linking them to known states and quantum numbers.

Findings

Masses of $X(3823)$, $X(3900)$, and $X(3940)$ are close to predicted four-quark states.

Discrepancies between predicted and observed masses are about 10 MeV.

Supports the four-quark model as a viable explanation for certain $X$ resonances.

Abstract

Assuming four-quark structure for the $X$ resonances in low-lying region, we calculate their masses using the color-spin interaction. In specific, the hyperfine masses of the color-spin interaction are calculated for the possible states in spin-0, spin-1, spin-2 channels. The two states in spin-0 channel as well as the two states in spin-1 channel are diagonalized in order to generate the physical hyperfine masses. By matching the difference in hyperfine masses with the splitting in corresponding hadron masses and using the $X(3872)$ mass as an input, we estimate the masses corresponding to the states $J^{PC}=0^{++}, 1^{+-},2^{++}$. We find the masses of two states in $1^{+-}$ are close to those of $X(3823)$, $X(3900)$, and the mass of the $2^{++}$ state is close to that of $X(3940)$. For them, the discrepancies are about $\sim 10$ MeV. This may suggest that the quantum numbers of the controversial states are $X(3823)=1^{+-}, X(3900)=1^{+-}, X(3940)=2^{++}$. In this work, we use the same inputs parameters, the constituent quark masses and the strength of the color-spin interaction, that have been adopted in the previous work on the $D$ or $B$-meson excited states. There, it was shown that the four-quark structure can be manifested in their excited states. Thus, our results in this work provide a consistent treatment on open- and hidden-charm mesons as far as the four-quark model is concerned.