Threshold pion production in proton-proton collisions at NNLO in chiral EFT

TL;DR

This paper advances chiral effective field theory calculations of near-threshold pion production in proton-proton collisions at NNLO, incorporating $elta(1232)$ effects and analyzing model dependencies.

Contribution

It provides a complete NNLO calculation of the pion-production operator including $elta(1232)$ and tests the robustness of chiral EFT predictions against different nuclear wave functions.

Findings

NNLO amplitudes are largely model-independent with phenomenological wave functions.

Explicit $elta(1232)$ inclusion is important but effects are smaller than expected.

Results support the validity of the chiral counting scheme for pion production.

Abstract

The reaction $NN \to NN \pi$ offers a good testing ground for chiral effective field theory at intermediate energies. It challenges our understanding of the first inelastic channel in nucleon-nucleon scattering and of the charge-symmetry breaking pattern in hadronic reactions. In our previous studies, we presented a complete calculation of the pion-production operator for s-wave pions up-to-and-including next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the formulation of chiral effective field theory, which includes pions, nucleons and $\Delta(1232)$ degrees of freedom. In this paper we calculate the near threshold cross section for the $pp \to d \pi^{+}$ reaction by performing the convolution of the obtained operators with nuclear wave functions based on modern phenomenological and chiral potentials. The available chiral $NN$ wave functions are constructed with a cutoff comparable with the momentum transfer scale inherent in pion production reactions. Hence, a significant portion of the dynamical intermediate-range physics is thereby cut off by them. On the other hand, the NNLO amplitudes evaluated with phenomenological wave functions appear to be largely independent of the $NN$ model used and give corrections to the dominant leading order contributions as expected from dimensional analysis. The result gives support to the counting scheme used to classify the pion production operators, which is a precondition for a reliable investigation of the chirally suppressed neutral pion production. The explicit inclusion of the $\Delta(1232)$ is found to be important but smaller than expected due to cancellations.