Equatorial geodesics in ergoregion of dirty black holes and zero energy observers

TL;DR

This paper investigates equatorial particle trajectories in the ergoregion of generic rotating black holes, introducing zero energy observers (ZEOs) and analyzing their properties and implications for high-energy collisions.

Contribution

It generalizes previous Kerr metric results to generic axially symmetric black holes, introducing ZEOs and analyzing their trajectories and collision outcomes.

Findings

ZEO trajectories have one turning point on the ergoregion boundary.

ZEO angular velocity is independent of angular momentum.

Collisions involving ZEOs can produce unbounded energy in the center of mass.

Abstract

We consider equatorial motion of particles in the ergoregion of generic axially symmetric rotating black holes. We introduce the notion of zero energy observers (ZEOs) as counterparts to known zero angular observers (ZAMOs). It is shown that the trajectory of a ZEO has precisely one turning point that lies on the boundary of the ergoregion for photons and inside the ergoregion for massive particles. As a consequence, such trajectories enter the ergosphere from the white hole region under horizon and leave it crossing the horizon again (entering the black hole region). The angular velocity of ZEO does not depend on the angular momentum. For particles with $% E>0$ this velocity is bigger than for a ZEO, for $E<0$ it is smaller. General limitations on the angular momentum are found depending on whether the trajectory lies entirely inside the ergoregion, bounces back from the boundary or intersects it. These results generalize the recent observations made in A. A. Grib, Yu. V. Pavlov, arXiv:1601.02592 for the Kerr metric. We also show that collision between a ZEO and a particle with $E\neq 0$ near a black hole can lead to the unbound energy in the centre of mass thus giving a special version of the Ba\~{n}ados - Silk - West effect.