Internal wave attractors examined using laboratory experiments and 3D numerical simulations

TL;DR

This study combines laboratory experiments and 3D numerical simulations to analyze internal wave attractors in stratified fluids, revealing detailed dynamics, secondary wave generation, and the effects of lateral walls.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive comparison of experimental and 3D numerical results, advancing understanding of internal wave attractors and their secondary instabilities.

Findings

Excellent agreement between simulations and experiments on wave parameters.

Identification of secondary waves from triadic resonance instability.

Assessment of lateral wall effects on flow and measurement accuracy.

Abstract

In the present paper, we combine numerical and experimental approaches to study the dynamics of stable and unstable internal wave attractors. The problem is considered in a classic trapezoidal setup filled with a uniformly stratified fluid. Energy is injected into the system at global scale by the small-amplitude motion of a vertical wall. Wave motion in the test tank is measured with the help of conventional synthetic schlieren and PIV techniques. The numerical setup closely reproduces the experimental one in terms of geometry and the operational range of the Reynolds and Schmidt numbers. The spectral element method is used as a numerical tool to simulate the nonlinear dynamics of a viscous salt-stratified fluid. We show that the results of three-dimensional calculations are in excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data, including the spatial and temporal parameters of the secondary waves produced by triadic resonance instability. Further, we explore experimentally and numerically the effect of lateral walls on secondary currents and spanwise distribution of velocity amplitudes in the wave beams. Finally, we test the assumption of a bidimensional flow and estimate the error made in synthetic schlieren measurements due to this assumption.