Expensive control of long-time averages using sum of squares and its application to a laminar wake flow

TL;DR

This paper introduces a sum-of-squares based convex optimization method for designing cost-effective nonlinear controllers targeting long-time average costs, demonstrated on laminar wake flow control.

Contribution

It develops a convex optimization approach for long-time average cost control using sum-of-squares techniques, resolving non-convexity issues in controller design.

Findings

Effective control of vortex shedding in wake flow

Validated approach on reduced-order and direct numerical simulations

Achieved control with small, cost-effective actuation

Abstract

The paper presents a nonlinear state-feedback control design approach for long-time average cost control, where the control effort is assumed to be expensive. The approach is based on sum-of-squares and semi-definite programming techniques. It is applicable to dynamical systems whose right-hand side is a polynomial function in the state variables and the controls. The key idea, first described but not implemented in (Chernyshenko et al., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 372, 2014), is that the difficult problem of optimizing a cost function involving long-time averages is replaced by an optimization of the upper bound of the same average. As such, controller design requires the simultaneous optimization of both the control law and a tunable function, similar to a Lyapunov function. The present paper introduces a method resolving the well-known inherent non-convexity of this kind of optimization. The method is based on the formal assumption that the control is expensive, from which it follows that the optimal control is small. The resulting asymptotic optimization problems are convex. The derivation of all the polynomial coefficients in the controller is given in terms of the solvability conditions of state-dependent linear and bilinear inequalities. The proposed approach is applied to the problem of designing a full-information feedback controller that mitigates vortex shedding in the wake of a circular cylinder in the laminar regime via rotary oscillations. Control results on a reduced-order model of the actuated wake and in direct numerical simulation are reported.