Evidence of Formation of Superdense Nonmagnetic Cobalt

TL;DR

This study provides experimental evidence of superdense, nonmagnetic cobalt layers in thin films at densities 1.3-1.4 times normal, confirming theoretical predictions about magnetism loss at high density.

Contribution

First experimental observation of superdense nonmagnetic cobalt layers in thin films, using X-ray and neutron reflectometry techniques.

Findings

Superdense Co layers are nonmagnetic.

Density of these layers is 1.3-1.4 times normal.

Superdense Co has an fcc structure, unlike bulk hcp Co.

Abstract

Magnetism of 3d transition metals at high density has always received wide interest due to existence of magnetism at the core of the Earth. For ferromagnetic cobalt, although there is a theoretical prediction that its magnetic moment would vanish when the density increases to about 1.4 times the normal value, so far there is no experimental evidence. We have discovered the existence of ultrathin superdense nonmagnetic cobalt layers in a polycrystalline cobalt thin film. The densities of these layers are about 1.3-1.4 times the normal density of Co. This has been revealed by X-ray reflectometry experiments, which provide a depth profile of the electron scattering length density, and corroborated by polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) experiments. The superdense Co layer has an fcc structure, unlike hcp structure for bulk Co, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The magnetic depth profile, obtained by PNR, shows that the superdense Co layers at the film-substrate interface and near the top of the film are nonmagnetic. The major part of the Co film has the usual density and magnetic moment.