Pilot Length Optimization for Spatially Correlated Multi-User MIMO Channel Estimation

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to design shorter pilot sequences for multi-user Massive MIMO systems by exploiting spatial correlation, reducing pilot length while maintaining estimation accuracy.

Contribution

It introduces an algorithm for designing non-orthogonal pilot sequences that leverage channel covariance, enabling shorter training sequences in correlated multi-user MIMO channels.

Findings

Pilot sequences can be significantly shorter than the number of users.

The method ensures bounded channel estimation error variance.

Simulations show improved pilot efficiency in realistic scenarios.

Abstract

We address the design of pilot sequences for channel estimation in the context of multiple-user Massive MIMO; considering the presence of channel correlation, and assuming that the statistics are known, we seek to exploit the spatial correlation of the channels to minimize the length of the pilot sequences, and specifically the fact that the users can be separated either through their spatial signature (low-rank channel covariance matrices), or through the use of different training sequences. We introduce an algorithm to design short training sequences for a given set of user covariance matrices. The obtained pilot sequences are in general non-orthogonal, however they ensure that the channel estimation error variance is uniformly upper-bounded by a chosen constant over all channel dimensions. We show through simulations using a realistic scenario based on the one-ring channel model that the proposed technique can yield pilot sequences of length significantly smaller than the number of users in the system.