Interaction-Enhanced Imaging of Rydberg P states

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates an advanced imaging technique for detecting Rydberg P states with high spatial and temporal resolution, using a three-photon excitation process and a hard-sphere model for analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed experimental and theoretical study of interaction-enhanced imaging specifically for Rydberg P states, including optimized excitation and detection methods.

Findings

Successful detection of few Rydberg P-state atoms with high sensitivity.

Good agreement between the hard-sphere model and experimental data.

Potential for non-destructive, high-resolution optical detection of single Rydberg atoms.

Abstract

The Interaction Enhanced Imaging technique allows to detect the spatial distribution of strongly interacting impurities embedded within a gas of background atoms used as a contrast medium. Here we present a detailed study of this technique, applied to detect Rydberg $P$ states. We experimentally realize fast and efficient three-photon excitation of $P$ states, optimized according to the results of a theoretical effective two-level model. Few Rydberg $P$-state atoms, prepared in a small cloud with dimensions comparable to the blockade radius, are detected with a good sensitivity by averaging over 50 shots. The main aspects of the technique are described with a hard-sphere model, finding good agreement with experimental data. This work paves the way to a non-destructive optical detection of single Rydberg atoms with high spatial and temporal resolution.