Performance study of single undoped CsI crystals for the Mu2e experiment

TL;DR

This study evaluates the performance of undoped CsI crystals for the Mu2e experiment, focusing on light yield, uniformity, and timing resolution to optimize electron detection and background suppression.

Contribution

It provides comprehensive characterization of undoped CsI crystals' light yield, uniformity, and timing performance for high-precision particle detection in Mu2e.

Findings

Light yield of ~100 photoelectrons/MeV with Tyvek wrapping

Uniformity slope of 0.6%/cm across crystals

Timing resolution better than 400 ps at 20 MeV

Abstract

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab aims to measure the charged lepton flavor violating neutrinoless muon to electron conversion. The goal of the experiment is to reach a single event sensitivity of 2.5 x 10^{-17}, to set an upper limit on the muon conversion rate at 6.7 x 10^{-17} in a three years run. For this purpose, the Mu2e detector is designed to identify electrons from muon conversion and reduce the background to a negligible level. It consists of a low mass straw tracker and a pure CsI crystal calorimeter. In this paper, the performance of undoped CsI single crystal is reported. Crystals from many vendors have been characterized by determining their Light Yield (LY) and Longitudinal Response Uniformity (LRU), when read with a UV extended PMT, and their time resolution when coupled to a Silicon Photomultiplier. The crystals show a LY of ~ 100 photoelectrons per MeV when wrapped with Tyvek and coupled to the PMT without optical grease. The LRU is well represented by a linear slope that is on average 0.6%/cm. Both measurements have been performed using a 22Na source. The timing performance have been evaluated exploiting minimum ionizing particles, with MPPC readout. A timing resolution better than 400 ps is achieved (at ~20MeV).