Nonlinear Instability and Intermittent Nature of Magnetic Reconnection in Solar Chromosphere

TL;DR

This paper investigates the nonlinear and intermittent nature of magnetic reconnection in the solar chromosphere, emphasizing the role of tearing instabilities and plasmoid formation in partially ionized plasma, and how these processes facilitate fast reconnection.

Contribution

It introduces a model describing how tearing mode instability evolves through different ion-neutral coupling regimes, leading to fractal-like current sheet structures that enable fast reconnection.

Findings

Tearing mode instability timescales depend on ion-neutral coupling strength.

Current sheets develop fractal-like structures due to nonlinear plasmoid formation.

Fast reconnection is possible when tearing reaches kinetic scales in the chromosphere.

Abstract

The recent observations of Singh et al. (2012) have shown multiple plasma ejections and the intermittent nature of magnetic reconnection in the solar chromosphere, highlighting the need for fast reconnection to occur in highly collisional plasma. However, the physical process through which fast magnetic reconnection occurs in partially ionized plasma, like the solar chromosphere, is still poorly understood. It has been shown that for sufficiently high magnetic Reynolds numbers, Sweet-Parker current sheets can become unstable leading to tearing mode instability and plasmoid formation, but when dealing with a partially ionized plasma the strength of coupling between the ions and neutrals plays a fundamental role in determining the dynamics of the system. We propose that as the reconnecting current sheet thins and the tearing instability develops, plasmoid formation passes through strongly, intermediately, and weakly coupled (or decoupled) regimes, with the time scale for the tearing mode instability depending on the frictional coupling between ions and neutrals. We present calculations for the relevant time scales for fractal tearing in all three regimes. We show that as a result of the tearing mode instability and the subsequent non-linear instability due to the plasmoid-dominated reconnection, the Sweet-Parker current sheet tends to have a fractal-like structure, and when the chromospheric magnetic field is sufficiently strong the tearing instability can reach down to kinetic scales, which are hypothesized to be necessary for fast reconnection.