Enhanced violation of the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu inequality with optimized time-bin-entangled ququarts

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the generation and measurement of time-bin entangled ququarts, achieving a significant violation of the CGLMP inequality with optimized states, advancing high-dimensional quantum entanglement testing.

Contribution

It introduces a stable measurement setup using planar lightwave circuits and optimizes entangled states to maximize CGLMP inequality violation in time-bin ququarts.

Findings

Achieved a Bell parameter of 2.774 with maximally entangled states.

Enhanced Bell parameter to 2.913 with optimized entangled states.

Demonstrated stable and precise measurement of high-dimensional entanglement.

Abstract

High-dimensional quantum entanglement is drawing attention because it enables us to perform quantum information tasks that are robust against noises. To test the nonlocality of entangled qudits, the Collins-Gisin-Linden-Massar-Popescu (CGLMP) inequality has been proposed and demonstrated using qudits based on orbital angular momentum, time-energy uncertainty, and frequency bins. Here, we report the generation and observation of time-bin entangled ququarts. We implemented a measurement for the CGLMP inequality test using cascaded delay Mach-Zehnder interferometers fabricated by using planar lightwave circuit technology, with which we achieved a precise and stable measurement for time-bin-entangled ququarts. In addition, we generated an optimized entangled state by modulating the pump pulse intensities, with which we can observe the theoretical maximum violation for the CGLMP inequality test. As a result, we successfully observed a Bell-type parameter $S_4 = 2.774 \pm 0.025$ violating the CGLMP inequality for the maximally entangled state and an enhanced Bell-type parameter $S_4 = 2.913 \pm 0.023$ for the optimized entangled state.