A universal description of pseudorapidity distributions in both nucleus-nucleus and p-p collisions at now available energy regions

TL;DR

This paper presents a universal analytical model based on relativistic hydrodynamics that accurately describes pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in both nucleus-nucleus and p-p collisions across current energy ranges.

Contribution

It introduces a unified hydrodynamic approach combining Landau and Hwa-Bjorken theories to explain particle distributions in diverse collision types.

Findings

The model successfully fits experimental pseudorapidity data.

Charged particles and leading particles together explain the distributions.

The approach applies to current energy regions in high-energy collisions.

Abstract

Investigations have shown that the collective motion not only appears in nucleus-nucleus but also in p-p collisions. The best tool for depicting such collective motion is relativistic hydrodynamics. In this paper, the collective motion is assumed obeying the hydro model which integrates the features of Landau and Hwa-Bjorken theory and is one of a very few analytically solvable models. The fluid is then supposed freezing out into charged particles from a time-like hypersurface with a fixed time of t_FO . The researches of present paper show that this part of charged particles together with leading particles, which, by conventional definition, carry on the quantum numbers of colliding nucleons and take away the most part of incident energy, can give a proper universal description to the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles measured in both nucleus-nucleus and p-p collisions at now available energy regions.