Reconstructing Merger Timelines Using Star Cluster Age Distributions: the Case of MCG+08-11-002

TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution infrared imaging and spectroscopy to analyze star cluster ages in a galaxy merger, revealing recent starburst activity and potential merger timelines, which could improve galaxy interaction models.

Contribution

It introduces a method to reconstruct galaxy merger timelines by analyzing star cluster age distributions with high spatial resolution and statistical modeling.

Findings

Star clusters show a dominant age peak < 20 Myr, indicating recent starburst activity.

A possible secondary peak at ~65 Myr suggests past galaxy interactions.

Star cluster age distributions can inform galaxy merger stage classification.

Abstract

We present near infrared imaging and integral field spectroscopy of the centre of the dusty luminous infrared galaxy merger MCG+08-11-002, taken using the Near InfraRed Camera 2 (NIRC2) and the OH-Suppressing InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (OSIRIS) on Keck II. We achieve a spatial resolution of ~25 pc in the K band, allowing us to resolve 41 star clusters in the NIRC2 images. We calculate the ages of 22/25 star clusters within the OSIRIS field using the equivalent widths of the CO 2.3$\mu$m absorption feature and the Br$\gamma$ nebular emission line. The star cluster age distribution has a clear peak at ages < 20 Myr, indicative of current starburst activity associated with the final coalescence of the progenitor galaxies. There is a possible second peak at ~65 Myr which may be a product of the previous close passage of the galaxy nuclei. We fit single and double starburst models to the star cluster age distribution and use Monte Carlo sampling combined with two-sided K-S tests to calculate the probability that the observed data are drawn from each of the best fit distributions. There is a >90 per cent chance that the data are drawn from either a single or double starburst star formation history, but stochastic sampling prevents us from distinguishing between the two scenarios. Our analysis of MCG+08-11-002 indicates that star cluster age distributions provide valuable insights into the timelines of galaxy interactions and may therefore play an important role in the future development of precise merger stage classification systems.