Composite BPS skyrmions from an exact isospin symmetry breaking

TL;DR

This paper explores how breaking isospin symmetry in the BPS Skyrme model affects soliton structures, revealing a new topological configuration where skyrmions decompose into lower-dimensional defects, with implications for thermodynamics.

Contribution

It introduces an exact analysis of isospin symmetry breaking in the BPS Skyrme model, uncovering new topological structures and their thermodynamic properties.

Findings

Discovery of a new topological structure enabling skyrmion decomposition

Analysis of thermodynamical properties of symmetry-broken solitons

Role of isospin breaking potential in the mean-field equation of state

Abstract

We study the BPS Skyrme model with potentials breaking the isospin symmetry and analyse how properties of exact solitonic solutions depend on a form of the isospin breaking potential. In the case of the strong symmetry breaking a new topologic structure is observed which enables us to decompose a BPS skyrmion into a lower dimensional defect localised on a brane (kink). We investigate some thermodynamical properties of such solitons as well as the role of the symmetry breaking potential in the resulting mean-field equation of state.