The weakening of fermionization of one dimensional spinor Bose gases induced by spin-exchange interaction

TL;DR

This paper explores how spin-exchange interactions weaken the fermionization of one-dimensional spinor Bose gases, revealing a transition from fermionized to less-fermionized density profiles due to composite atom formation.

Contribution

It demonstrates that increasing spin-exchange interaction reduces fermionization effects in spinor Bose gases, a novel insight into their ground state density distributions.

Findings

Weak spin-dependent interactions lead to Gaussian-like density profiles.

Increasing spin-independent interactions produce shell structures with multiple peaks.

Strong spin-exchange interactions result in single-peak density profiles due to composite atom formation.

Abstract

We investigate the ground state density distributions of anti-ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose gases in one dimensional harmonic potential in the full interacting regimes. The ground state is obtained by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian in the Hilbert space composed of the lowest eigenstates of noninteracting Bose gas and spin components. The study reveals that in the situation of weak spin-dependent interaction the total density profiles evolve from Gaussian-like distribution to a Fermi-like shell structure of $N$ peaks with the increasing of spin-independent interaction. While the increasing spin-exchange interaction always weaken the fermionization of density distribution such that the total density profiles show shell structure of less peaks and even show single peak structure in the limit of strong spin-exchange interaction. The weakening of fermionization results from the formation of composite atoms induced by spin-exchange interaction. It is also shown that phase separation occurs for the spinor Bose gas with weak spin-exchange interaction, meanwhile strong spin-independent interaction.