Perfect fluid in Lagrangian formulation due to generalized three-form field

TL;DR

This paper develops a Lagrangian formulation for perfect fluids using a generalized three-form field, revealing unique properties like non-conservation of particles and potential dark matter applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel Lagrangian approach with a three-form field to model perfect fluids, including nonrelativistic matter, and explores implications for dark matter and dark energy interactions.

Findings

Realizes nonrelativistic matter with zero equation of state parameter

Identifies nonadiabatic pressure perturbations in the model

Suggests three-form fields as candidates for dark matter

Abstract

A Lagrangian formulation of perfect fluid due to a noncanonical three-form field is investigated. The thermodynamic quantities such as energy density, pressure and the four velocity are obtained and then analyzed by comparing with the k-essence scalar field. The nonrelativistic matter due to the generalized three-form field with the equation of state parameter being zero is realized while it might not be possible for the k-essence scalar field. We also found that nonadiabatic pressure perturbations can be possibly generated. The fluid dynamics of the perfect fluid due to the three-form field corresponds to the system in which the number of particles is not conserved. We argue that it is interesting to use this three-form field to represent the dark matter for the classical interaction theory between dark matter and dark energy.