Low Starting Electron Beam Current in Degenerate Band Edge Oscillators

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel vacuum electron-beam oscillator operating with a super synchronous regime at a degenerate band edge, significantly reducing the starting beam current compared to traditional devices.

Contribution

It presents a new principle leveraging degenerate band edge conditions for low-starting-current oscillators, applicable across various waveguide geometries.

Findings

Starting beam current is at least ten times lower than conventional BWOs.

The super synchronous regime exhibits a giant group delay in the SWS.

The principle is adaptable to different waveguide structures.

Abstract

We propose a new principle of operation in vacuum electron-beam-based oscillators that leads to a low beam current for starting oscillations. The principle is based on super synchronous operation of an electron beam interacting with four degenerate electromagnetic modes in a slow-wave structure (SWS). The four mode super synchronous regime is associated with a very special degeneracy condition in the dispersion diagram of a cold periodic SWS called degenerate band edge (DBE). This regime features a giant group delay in the finitelength SWS and low starting-oscillation beam current. The starting beam current is at least an order of magnitude smaller compared to a conventional backward wave oscillator (BWO) of the same length. As a representative example we consider a SWS conceived by a periodically-loaded metallic waveguide supporting a DBE, and investigate starting-oscillation conditions using Pierce theory generalized to coupled transmission lines (CTL). The proposed super synchronism regime can be straightforwardly adapted to waveguide geometries others than the periodically-loaded waveguide considered here since DBE is a general property that can be realized in a variety of structures.