Tests of Lorentz and CPT symmetry with hadrons and nuclei

TL;DR

This paper develops a chiral perturbation theory framework to test Lorentz and CPT symmetry violations in hadrons and nuclei, deriving limits from experimental data on low-energy observables.

Contribution

It introduces a novel effective chiral Lagrangian incorporating Lorentz-violating operators, enabling precise calculations of symmetry-breaking effects in hadronic systems.

Findings

Derived strict experimental limits on Lorentz-violating tensors.

Constructed the effective chiral Lagrangian with loop and potential calculations.

Applied to clock and spin-precession experiments to constrain violations.

Abstract

We explore the breaking of Lorentz and CPT invariance in strong interactions at low energy in the framework of chiral perturbation theory. Starting from the set of Lorentz-violating operators of mass-dimension five with quark and gluon fields, we construct the effective chiral Lagrangian with hadronic and electromagnetic interactions induced by these operators. We develop the power-counting scheme and discuss loop diagrams and the one-pion-exchange nucleon-nucleon potential. The effective chiral Lagrangian is the basis for calculations of low-energy observables with hadronic degrees of freedom. As examples, we consider clock-comparison experiments with nuclei and spin-precession experiments with nucleons in storage rings. We derive strict limits on the dimension-five tensors that quantify Lorentz and CPT violation.