Large gap electron-hole superfluidity and shape resonances in coupled graphene nanoribbons

TL;DR

This paper predicts enhanced electron-hole superfluidity in coupled graphene nanoribbons due to reduced screening, quantum confinement, and shape resonances, with potential for large superfluid gaps in strongly-coupled regimes.

Contribution

It introduces a novel prediction of superfluidity in coupled graphene nanoribbons with multiple subbands, highlighting the effects of quantum confinement and shape resonances.

Findings

Superfluid gaps up to 100 meV predicted

Enhanced superfluidity due to weaker screening in nanoribbons

Superfluidity mainly in BEC and BCS-BEC crossover regimes

Abstract

We predict enhanced electron-hole superfluidity in two coupled electron-hole armchair-edge terminated graphene nanoribbons separated by a thin insulating barrier. In contrast to graphene monolayers, the multiple subbands of the nanoribbons are parabolic at low energy with a gap between the conduction and valence bands, and with lifted valley degeneracy. These properties make screening of the electron-hole interaction much weaker than for coupled electron-hole monolayers, thus boosting the pairing strength and enhancing the superfluid properties. The pairing strength is further boosted by the quasi-one-dimensional quantum confinement of the carriers, as well as by the large density of states near the bottom of each subband. The latter magnifies the superfluid shape resonances caused by the quantum confinement. Several superfluid partial condensates are present for finite-width nanoribbons with multiple subbands. We find that superfluidity is predominately in the strongly-coupled BEC and BCS-BEC crossover regimes, with large superfluid gaps up to 100 meV and beyond. When the gaps exceed the subband spacing, there is significant mixing of the subbands, a rounding of the shape resonances, and a resulting reduction in the one-dimensional nature of the system.