Variable Hardy Spaces Associated with Operators Satisfying Davies-Gaffney Estimates

TL;DR

This paper introduces variable Hardy spaces associated with operators satisfying Davies-Gaffney estimates, characterizes them via molecules, and explores their duals, maximal functions, and boundedness of fractional integrals and Riesz transforms.

Contribution

It develops a new framework for variable Hardy spaces linked to operators with Davies-Gaffney estimates, including molecular characterization and duality results.

Findings

Molecular characterization of $H^{p( abla)}_L( abla)$ established.

Dual space identified as a BMO-type space.

Boundedness of fractional integrals and Riesz transforms demonstrated.

Abstract

Let $L$ be a one-to-one operator of type $\omega$ in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$, with $\omega\in[0,\,\pi/2)$, which has a bounded holomorphic functional calculus and satisfies the Davies-Gaffney estimates. Let $p(\cdot):\ \mathbb{R}^n\to(0,\,1]$ be a variable exponent function satisfying the globally log-H\"{o}lder continuous condition. In this article, the authors introduce the variable Hardy space $H^{p(\cdot)}_L(\mathbb{R}^n)$ associated with $L$. By means of variable tent spaces, the authors establish the molecular characterization of $H^{p(\cdot)}_L(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Then the authors show that the dual space of $H^{p(\cdot)}_L(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is the BMO-type space ${\rm BMO}_{p(\cdot),\,L^\ast}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, where $L^\ast$ denotes the adjoint operator of $L$. In particular, when $L$ is the second order divergence form elliptic operator with complex bounded measurable coefficients, the authors obtain the non-tangential maximal function characterization of $H^{p(\cdot)}_L(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and show that the fractional integral $L^{-\alpha}$ for $\alpha\in(0,\,\frac12]$ is bounded from $H_L^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ to $H_L^{q(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with $\frac1{p(\cdot)}-\frac1{q(\cdot)}=\frac{2\alpha}{n}$ and the Riesz transform $\nabla L^{-1/2}$ is bounded from $H^{p(\cdot)}_L(\mathbb{R}^n)$ to the variable Hardy space $H^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb{R}^n)$.