TL;DR
This paper investigates how glueballs influence the thermodynamics of hot gluon matter, emphasizing the massless transition of scalar and pseudoscalar glueballs near the critical temperature and its impact on the trace anomaly.
Contribution
It introduces the role of glueball mass changes near $T_c$ and suggests glueballs become massless at $T_G oughly 1.1T_c$, explaining lattice results.
Findings
Glueballs significantly affect the equation of state of hot gluon matter.
Scalar and pseudoscalar glueballs become massless near $T_G oughly 1.1T_c$.
Massless glueballs are key to understanding the trace anomaly behavior.
Abstract
We discuss the glueball contribution to the equation of state (EoS) of hot gluon matter below and above . It is shown that the strong changing of masses of scalar and pseudoscalar glueballs near plays very important role in the thermodynamics of gauge theory. In particular, we give the arguments that these glueballs become massless at and this phenomenon is crucial in understanding of the mystery in the behavior of trace anomaly founded in the lattice calculation.
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