1RXS J180408.9-342058: an ultra compact X-ray binary candidate with a transient jet

TL;DR

This study investigates the nature of the companion star in the X-ray binary 1RXS J180408.9-342058, suggesting it may be an ultra-compact system with a helium white dwarf and evidence of a transient jet during different X-ray states.

Contribution

The paper provides the first detailed multi-wavelength analysis of 1RXS J180408.9-342058, proposing it as a potential ultra-compact X-ray binary with a helium white dwarf companion and evidence of transient jet activity.

Findings

Optical spectrum is featureless with no hydrogen or He I lines.

Detection of He II 4686 Å line suggests helium in the accretion disc.

Spectral energy distribution indicates a transient jet in the hard X-ray state.

Abstract

We present a detailed NIR/optical/UV study of the transient low mass X-ray binary 1RXS J180408.9-342058 performed during its 2015 outburst, aimed at determining the nature of its companion star. We obtained three optical spectra at the 2.1 m San Pedro Martir Observatory telescope (Mexico). We performed optical and NIR photometric observations with both the REM telescope and the New Technology Telescope (NTT) in La Silla. We obtained optical and UV observations from the Swift archive. Finally, we performed optical polarimetry of the source by using the EFOSC2 instrument mounted on the NTT. The optical spectrum of the source is almost featureless since the hydrogen and He I emissions lines, typically observed in LMXBs, are not detected. Similarly, carbon and oxygen lines are neither observed. We marginally detect the He II 4686 AA emission line, suggesting the presence of helium in the accretion disc. No significant optical polarisation level was observed. The lack of hydrogen and He I emission lines in the spectrum implies that the companion is likely not a main sequence star. Driven by the tentative detection of the He II 4686 AA emission line, we suggest that the system could harbour a helium white dwarf. If this is the case, 1RXS J180408.9-342058 would be an ultra-compact X-ray binary. By combining an estimate of the mass accretion rate together with evolutionary tracks for a He white dwarf, we obtain a tentative orbital period of ~ 40 min. On the other hand, we also built the NIR-optical-UV spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source at two different epochs. One SED was gathered when the source was in the soft X-ray state, and it is consistent with the presence of a single thermal component. The second SED, obtained when the source was in the hard X-ray state, shows a thermal component together with a tail in the NIR, likely indicating the presence of a (transient) jet.