Silicon photomultiplier readout of a monolithic 270$\times$5$\times$5 cm$^3$ plastic scintillator bar for time of flight applications

TL;DR

This study explores using silicon photomultipliers for reading out large plastic scintillator bars in neutron time-of-flight detectors, achieving a time resolution suitable for practical applications.

Contribution

It demonstrates that SiPM-based readout can meet the timing requirements of large-scale neutron detectors, replacing traditional photomultiplier tubes.

Findings

Achieved a time resolution of 136 ps with SiPM readout.

Validated the system response with Monte Carlo simulations.

Confirmed inverse-square-root scaling law for timing response.

Abstract

The detection of 200-1000 MeV neutrons requires large amounts, $\sim$100 cm, of detector material because of the long nuclear interaction length of these particles. In the example of the NeuLAND neutron time-of-flight detector at FAIR, this is accomplished by using 3000 monolithic scintillator bars of 270$\times$5$\times$5 cm$^3$ size made of a fast plastic. Each bar is read out on the two long ends, and the needed time resolution of $\sigma_t$ $<$ 150 ps is reached with fast timing photomultipliers. In the present work, it is investigated whether silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) photosensors can be used instead. Experiments with a picosecond laser system were conducted to determine the timing response of the assembly made up of SiPM and preamplifier. The response of the full system including also the scintillator was studied using 30 MeV single electrons provided by the ELBE superconducting electron linac. The ELBE data were matched by a simple Monte Carlo simulation, and they were found to obey an inverse-square-root scaling law. In the electron beam tests, a time resolution of $\sigma_t$ = 136 ps was reached with a pure SiPM readout, well within the design parameters for NeuLAND.