A Model of Emergent Universe in Inhomogeneous Space-Time

TL;DR

This paper constructs a model of an emergent universe within an inhomogeneous space-time that transitions to an FRW universe at infinity, involving dissipative fluids and particle creation mechanisms.

Contribution

It introduces a novel inhomogeneous space-time model for emergent universe scenarios incorporating non-equilibrium thermodynamics and particle creation.

Findings

Emergent universe scenario exists with constant particle creation rate.

Inhomogeneous and anisotropic fluids are compatible with emergent universe models.

The model bridges inhomogeneous space-time with standard cosmological evolution.

Abstract

A scenario of an emergent universe is constructed in the background of an inhomogeneous space-time model which is asymptotically (at spatial infinity) FRW space-time. The cosmic substratum consists of non-interacting two components, namely {\bf a)} homogeneous and isotropic fluid but dissipative in nature and {\bf b)} an inhomogeneous and anisotropic barotropic fluid. In non-equilibrium thermodynamic prescription (second order deviations), particle creation mechanism is considered the cause for the dissipative phenomena. It is found that for constant value of the particle creation rate parameter there exists a scenario of emergent universe.