Analysis of horizontal flows in the solar granulation

TL;DR

This study investigates horizontal flows in solar granules using advanced spectropolarimetric techniques and data deconvolution, revealing detailed velocity and temperature stratifications at different granular locations.

Contribution

It introduces a combined approach of spatial deconvolution and spectropolarimetric inversions to analyze horizontal flows in solar granules at the north solar pole.

Findings

One component is strongly blueshifted with temperature enhancement at upper layers.

Velocity decreases from the center to the edge of granules.

Temperature enhancement height varies with position on the granule.

Abstract

Solar limb observations sometimes reveal the presence of a satellite lobe in the blue wing of the Stokes I profile from pixels belonging to granules. The presence of this satellite lobe has been associated in the past to strong line of sight gradients and, as the line of sight component is almost parallel to the solar surface, to horizontal granular flows. We aim to increase the knowledge about these horizontal flows studying a spectropolarimetric observation of the north solar pole. We will make use of two state of the art techniques, the spatial deconvolution procedure that increases the quality of the data removing the stray light contamination, and spectropolarimetric inversions that will provide the vertical stratification of the atmospheric physical parameters where the observed spectral lines form. We inverted the Stokes profiles using a two component configuration, obtaining that one component is strongly blueshifted and displays a temperature enhancement at upper photospheric layers while the second component has low redshifted velocities and it is cool at upper layers. In addition, we examined a large number of cases located at different heliocentric angles, finding smaller velocities as we move from the centre to the edge of the granule. Moreover, the height location of the enhancement on the temperature stratification of the blueshifted component also evolves with the spatial location on the granule being positioned on lower heights as we move to the periphery of the granular structure.