Nonequilibrium fluctuation-induced Casimir pressures in liquid mixtures

TL;DR

This paper derives expressions for Casimir-like pressures caused by nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in liquid mixtures, especially under temperature gradients, and compares these with temperature fluctuation-induced pressures in single fluids.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework for calculating nonequilibrium Casimir pressures in liquid mixtures influenced by temperature gradients via the Soret effect.

Findings

Derived explicit formulas for nonequilibrium Casimir pressures in mixtures.

Compared pressures from concentration and temperature fluctuations.

Suggested experimental methods for verification.

Abstract

In this article we derive expressions for Casimir-like pressures induced by nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in liquid mixtures. The results are then applied to liquid mixtures in which the concentration gradient results from a temperature gradient through the Soret effect. A comparison is made between the pressures induced by nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in liquid mixtures and those induced by nonequilibrium temperature fluctuations in one-component fluids. Some suggestions for experimental verification procedures are also presented.