Sensitivity Enhancement of Pd/Co Bi-layer Film for Hydrogen Gas Sensing using Perpendicular-to-Plane Ferromagnetic Resonance Configuration

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that applying a perpendicular magnetic field significantly enhances the sensitivity of Pd/Co bi-layer film-based FMR hydrogen sensors, achieving an eightfold improvement over in-plane configurations.

Contribution

The paper introduces a perpendicular-to-plane FMR configuration that substantially increases hydrogen sensing sensitivity in Pd/Co bi-layer films.

Findings

Eight times higher FMR peak shift with perpendicular magnetic field

Enhanced sensitivity improves hydrogen detection capabilities

Analysis confirms mechanism via Kittel equation

Abstract

Previously, it has been shown that the strength of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of thin Palladium-Cobalt bi-layer films can be modified when hydrogen gas is absorbed by the Palladium (Pd) layer. In our recent work we showed that the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) response of this material is sensitive to changes in PMA upon exposure of Pd to hydrogen gas. As such, a simple, compact and contactless hydrogen gas sensor could exploit FMR-based detection, of the reversible hydrogen-gas-induced changes in PMA. The magnitude of the FMR peak shift is critical in determining the sensor's sensitivity: the higher the FMR peak shift at a given hydrogen gas concentration, the higher the sensitivity. In the present work we demonstrate that the detection sensitivity is enhanced when the static magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the film plane. A factor of eight times improvement is observed with respect to the in-plane FMR configuration studied previously. An analysis based on the Kittel equation for FMR frequencies of a ferromagnetic film is carried out in order to understand the mechanism of sensitivity enhancement. The result is important for optimizing Pd/Co bi-layered thin films for use in novel platforms for hydrogen gas sensing.