Solution of the Mayan Calendar Enigma

TL;DR

This paper presents an arithmetical model based on naked-eye astronomy that explains the Mayan calendar, linking ancient lunar equations and deciphered numbers to demonstrate the Maya's mathematical and astronomical sophistication.

Contribution

It introduces a novel arithmetical model that explains the Mayan calendar and links it to deciphered Long Count numbers, highlighting Maya mathematical and astronomical expertise.

Findings

The model derives Mayan calendar cycles from astronomical principles.

The Xultun numbers are explained as part of the model.

The Calendar Round's position at creation is calculated.

Abstract

The Mayan calendar is proposed to derive from an arithmetical model of naked-eye astronomy. The Palenque and Copan lunar equations, used during the Maya Classic period (200 to 900 AD) are solution of the model and the results are expressed as a function of the Xultun numbers, four enigmatic Long Count numbers deciphered in the Maya ruins of Xultun, dating from the IX century AD, providing strong arguments in favor of the use of the model by the Maya. The different Mayan Calendar cycles can be derived from this model and the position of the Calendar Round at the mythical date of creation 13(0).0.0.0.0 4 Ahau 8 Cumku is calculated. This study shows the high proficiency of Mayan mathematics as applied to astronomy and timekeeping for divinatory purposes.