Information loss problem and roles of instantons

TL;DR

This paper explores how instantons, as non-perturbative effects, contribute to understanding the information loss problem in quantum gravity, highlighting various instanton types and their implications for trivial geometries.

Contribution

It analyzes the roles of different instantons in resolving the information loss problem, including subtle cases in asymptotic de Sitter spaces.

Findings

Various thin-shell instantons lead to trivial, non-singular geometries.

Instantons play a significant role in addressing the information loss problem.

Some subtle instanton effects in de Sitter spaces require further investigation.

Abstract

In order to understand the information loss problem, non-perturbative effects will do significant roles. Instantons are in general helpful for this purpose. There are various and rich thin-shell instantons and tunneling channels that eventually result a trivial geometry without a singularity nor an event horizon. We further discuss that there are some subtle examples in asymptotic de Sitter cases that need further investigations.