On the equivalence of separability and extendability of quantum states

TL;DR

This paper proves that for bipartite quantum states, especially Gaussian states, the properties of separability and complete extendability are equivalent, extending known results to infinite-dimensional systems.

Contribution

It establishes the equivalence of separability and complete extendability for bipartite Gaussian states and infinite-dimensional systems, generalizing previous finite-dimensional results.

Findings

Complete extendability is equivalent to separability for bipartite Gaussian states.

Separable states are also completely extendable in the infinite-dimensional setting.

The results extend the quantum de Finetti theorem to non-separable C* algebras.

Abstract

Motivated by the notions of $k$-extendability and complete extendability of the state of a finite level quantum system as described by Doherty et al (Phys. Rev. A, 69:022308), we introduce parallel definitions in the context of Gaussian states and using only properties of their covariance matrices derive necessary and sufficient conditions for their complete extendability. It turns out that the complete extendability property is equivalent to the separability property of a bipartite Gaussian state. Following the proof of quantum de Finetti theorem as outlined in Hudson and Moody (Z. Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verw. Gebiete, 33(4):343--351), we show that separability is equivalent to complete extendability for a state in a bipartite Hilbert space where at least one of which is of dimension greater than 2. This, in particular, extends the result of Fannes, Lewis, and Verbeure (Lett. Math. Phys. 15(3): 255--260) to the case of an infinite dimensional Hilbert space whose C* algebra of all bounded operators is not separable.