Entanglement growth and correlation spreading with variable-range interactions in spin and fermionic tunnelling models

TL;DR

This paper studies how correlations and entanglement evolve in 1D quantum models with variable-range interactions, revealing regimes with and without light-cone-like spreading, and providing analytical and numerical insights relevant for experiments.

Contribution

It compares correlation spreading and entanglement growth in long-range spin and fermionic models, identifying transition regimes and analytical explanations for observed behaviors.

Findings

Correlations can spread with or without a linear light cone depending on interaction range.

Long-range interactions lead to power-law growth of correlations at short times.

Entanglement growth can be sublinear depending on initial states and interaction structure.

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics following a global parameter quench for two 1D models with variable-range power-law interactions: a long-range transverse Ising model, which has recently been realised in chains of trapped ions, and a long-range lattice model for spinless fermions with long-range tunnelling. For the transverse Ising model, the spreading of correlations and growth of entanglement are computed using numerical matrix product state techniques, and are compared with exact solutions for the fermionic tunnelling model. We identify transitions between regimes with and without an apparent linear light cone for correlations, which correspond closely between the two models. For long-range interactions (in terms of separation distance r, decaying slower than 1/r), we find that despite the lack of a light-cone, correlations grow slowly as a power law at short times, and that -- depending on the structure of the initial state -- the growth of entanglement can also be sublinear. These results are understood through analytical calculations, and should be measurable in experiments with trapped ions.