Equilibration via Gaussification in fermionic lattice systems

TL;DR

This paper proves that non-interacting fermionic lattice systems starting from non-Gaussian states rapidly become locally indistinguishable from Gaussian states, providing insights into quantum equilibration relevant to cold atom experiments.

Contribution

It establishes a rigorous proof of Gaussification in fermionic systems under broad conditions, linking initial state properties and transport assumptions to equilibration dynamics.

Findings

Non-Gaussian states become locally Gaussian after short time

Relaxation follows a power-law independent of system size

Results apply to pure, mixed, thermal, and ground states

Abstract

In this work, we present a result on the non-equilibrium dynamics causing equilibration and Gaussification of quadratic non-interacting fermionic Hamiltonians. Specifically, based on two basic assumptions - clustering of correlations in the initial state and the Hamiltonian exhibiting delocalizing transport - we prove that non-Gaussian initial states become locally indistinguishable from fermionic Gaussian states after a short and well controlled time. This relaxation dynamics is governed by a power-law independent of the system size. Our argument is general enough to allow for pure and mixed initial states, including thermal and ground states of interacting Hamiltonians on and large classes of lattices as well as certain spin systems. The argument gives rise to rigorously proven instances of a convergence to a generalized Gibbs ensemble. Our results allow to develop an intuition of equilibration that is expected to be more generally valid and relates to current experiments of cold atoms in optical lattices.