Use of the Meta-analysis and Kolmogorov Criteria in the Finding of Singularities of a Nuclear Matter Created in Ultra Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

TL;DR

This study uses meta-analysis and Kolmogorov criteria to identify singularities and phase transitions in nuclear matter created in ultra-relativistic collisions, revealing the onset of quark-gluon plasma and phase boundaries across energy ranges.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of meta-analysis and Kolmogorov criteria to locate phase boundaries and singularities in nuclear matter from experimental collision data.

Findings

QGP begins at about 2 GeV energy.

Exotic matter droplet occupies about 15% of fireball volume at 2.7 GeV.

Phase boundaries and critical points are localized across energy ranges.

Abstract

Published theoretical data from several models: PHSD and HSD both with and without chiral symmetry restoration (CSR), applied to experimental data on nuclear collisions from BEVALAC and SIS to LHC energies were analyzed using meta-analysis and Kolmogorov criteria. This made it possible to localize possible features of nuclear matter created in central nucleus-nucleus collisions. Ignition of a drop of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) begins already at an energy of about $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2 GeV. We estimate that this QGP droplet occupies a small fraction, 15 $\%$ (average radius of about 5.3 fermi if the fireball radius is 10 fermi) of the total volume of the fireball created at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.7 GeV. A drop of exotic matter undergoes a split phase transition: separated boundaries of sharp (1st order) crossover and CSR in chiral limit, between QGP and Quarkyonic matter at an energy about $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 3.5 GeV. The critical endpoint of 2nd order probably cannot be reached in nuclear collisions. The triple phase area occupies interval from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 12 GeV to 15 GeV, the critical endpoint of 1st order at around $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 20 GeV. The boundary of smooth (2nd order) crossover transition with CSR in chiral limit between Quarkyonic matter and QGP was localized between $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 9.3 GeV and 12 GeV, and between Hadronic and QGP in the interval from $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 15 GeV to 20 GeV, the boundary of sharp (1st order) crossover transition with CSR in chiral limit between Hadronic matter and QGP was localized after $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 20 GeV. The phase trajectory of the hadronic corona, enveloping the exotic droplet, always remains in the hadronic phase.