Isovector spin-singlet (T=1, S=0) and isoscalar spin-triplet (T=0, S=1) pairing interactions and spin-isospin response

TL;DR

This paper reviews experimental and theoretical advances in understanding T=1 and T=0 pairing interactions in nuclei, highlighting their effects on nuclear structure, spectra, and charge-changing transitions, with implications for nuclear superfluidity and spin-isospin responses.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between T=1 and T=0 pairing correlations and their observable consequences in nuclear phenomena, including new insights into charge-exchange reactions and pairing effects.

Findings

T=1 pairing is crucial in low-density nuclear regimes.

Strong T=0 pairing influences low-lying nuclear states and transitions.

Charge-exchange reactions can help determine T=0 pairing strength.

Abstract

We review several experimental and theoretical advances that emphasise common aspects of the study of T=1 and T=0 pairing correlations in nuclei. We first discuss several empirical evidences of the special role played by the T=1 pairing interaction. In particular, we show the peculiar features of the nuclear pairing interaction in the low density regime, and possible outcomes such as the BCS-BEC crossover in nuclear matter and, in an analogous way, in loosely bound nuclei. We then move to the competition between T=1 and T=0 pairing correlations. The effect of such competition on the low-lying spectra is studied in N=Z odd-odd nuclei by using a three-body model; it is shown that the inversion of the 0+ and 1+ states near the ground state, and the strong magnetic dipole transitions between them, can be considered as a clear manifestation of strong T=0 pairing correlations in these nuclei. The effect of T=0 pairing correlations is also quite evident if one studies charge-changing transitions. The Gamow-Teller (GT) states in N=Z+2 nuclei are studied here by using self-consistent HFB+QRPA calculations in which the T=0 pairing interaction is taken into account. Strong GT states are found, near the ground state of daughter nuclei; these are compared with available experimental data from charge-exchange reactions, and such comparison can pinpoint the value of the strength of the T=0 interaction. Pair transfer reactions are eventually discussed: while two-neutron transfer has been long proposed as a tool to measure the T=1 superfluidity in the nuclear ground states, the study of deuteron transfer is still in its infancy, despite its potential interest in revealing effects coming from both T=1 and T=0 interactions.