Hadamard function and the vacuum currents in braneworlds with compact dimensions: Two-branes geometry

TL;DR

This paper analyzes vacuum currents and the Hadamard function for a charged scalar field in a braneworld with compact dimensions, revealing effects of boundary conditions, gauge fields, and stability conditions in a locally AdS background.

Contribution

It provides a detailed calculation of vacuum currents in a two-brane AdS setup with compact dimensions, including effects of gauge fields and Robin boundary conditions, extending previous models.

Findings

Vacuum current components are nonzero only along compact dimensions.

Current density is a periodic function of enclosed gauge flux.

Current density remains finite on the branes, vanishing under Dirichlet conditions.

Abstract

We evaluate the Hadamard function and the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the current density for a charged scalar field in the region between two co-dimension one branes on the background of locally AdS spacetime with an arbitrary number of toroidally compactified spatial dimensions. Along compact dimensions periodicity conditions are considered with general values of the phases and on the branes Robin boundary conditions are imposed for the field operator. In addition, we assume the presence of a constant gauge field. The latter gives rise to Aharonov-Bohm type effect on the vacuum currents. There exists a range in the space of the Robin coefficients for separate branes where the vacuum state becomes unstable. Compared to the case of the standard AdS bulk, in models with compact dimensions the stability condition imposed on the parameters is less restrictive. The current density has nonzero components along compact dimensions only. These components are decomposed into the brane-free and brane-induced contributions. The component along a given compact dimension is a periodic function of the gauge field flux, enclosed by that dimension, with the period of the flux quantum. An important feature, that distinguishes the current density from the expectation values of the field squared and energy-momentum tensor, is its finiteness on the branes. In particular, for Dirichlet boundary condition the current density vanishes on the branes. We show that, depending on the constants in the boundary conditions, the presence of the branes may either increase or decrease the current density compared with that for the brane-free geometry. Applications are given to the Randall--Sundrum 2-brane model with extra compact dimensions.