The causal impact of magnetic fluctuations in slow and fast L-H transitions at TJ-II

TL;DR

This study investigates how magnetic fluctuations influence L-H transitions in the TJ-II stellarator, revealing that magnetic oscillations actively contribute to the formation of transport barriers and should be included in transition models.

Contribution

It demonstrates the active role of magnetic oscillations and rational surfaces in confinement transitions using causality analysis, highlighting electromagnetic effects in transition dynamics.

Findings

Magnetic oscillations are suppressed near the transition.

A spike in information transfer occurs at the transition.

Magnetic drive influences the formation of the shear flow.

Abstract

This work focuses on the relationship between L-H (or L-I) transitions and MHD activity in the low magnetic shear TJ-II stellarator. It is shown that the presence of a low order rational surface in the plasma edge (gradient) region lowers the threshold density for H-mode access. MHD activity is systematically suppressed near the confinement transition. We apply a causality detection technique (based on the Transfer Entropy) to study the relation between magnetic oscillations and locally measured plasma rotation velocity (related to Zonal Flows). For this purpose, we study a large number of discharges in two magnetic configurations, corresponding to 'fast' and 'slow' transitions. With the 'slow' transitions, the developing Zonal Flow prior to the transition is associated with the gradual reduction of magnetic oscillations. The transition itself is marked by a strong spike of 'information transfer' from magnetic to velocity oscillations, suggesting that the magnetic drive may play a role in setting up the final sheared flow responsible for the H-mode transport barrier. Similar observations were made for the 'fast' transitions. Thus, it is shown that magnetic oscillations associated with rational surfaces play an important and active role in confinement transitions, so that electromagnetic effects should be included in any complete transition model.