Tracking Angles of Departure and Arrival in a Mobile Millimeter Wave Channel

TL;DR

This paper introduces a dual timescale model and algorithms for tracking angles of departure and arrival in millimeter wave channels, improving detection of abrupt changes and reducing resource requirements.

Contribution

It proposes a Kalman filter based tracking algorithm and an abrupt change detection method tailored for millimeter wave channels, enhancing efficiency and accuracy over previous methods.

Findings

Proposed algorithm requires lower SNR and fewer pilots for similar tracking performance.

Change detection method reliably detects abrupt channel changes with moderate pilots and SNR.

Simulation results demonstrate improved efficiency over existing algorithms.

Abstract

Millimeter wave provides a very promising approach for meeting the ever-growing traffic demand in next generation wireless networks. To utilize this band, it is crucial to obtain the channel state information in order to perform beamforming and combining to compensate for severe path loss. In contrast to lower frequencies, a typical millimeter wave channel consists of a few dominant paths. Thus it is generally sufficient to estimate the path gains, angles of departure (AoDs), and angles of arrival (AoAs) of those paths. Proposed in this paper is a dual timescale model to characterize abrupt channel changes (e.g., blockage) and slow variations of AoDs and AoAs. This work focuses on tracking the slow variations and detecting abrupt changes. A Kalman filter based tracking algorithm and an abrupt change detection method are proposed. The tracking algorithm is compared with the adaptive algorithm due to Alkhateeb, Ayach, Leus and Heath (2014) in the case with single radio frequency chain. Simulation results show that to achieve the same tracking performance, the proposed algorithm requires much lower signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and much fewer pilots than the other algorithm. Moreover, the change detection method can always detect abrupt changes with moderate number of pilots and SNR.