Optimization problem for a portfolio with an illiquid asset: Lie group analysis

TL;DR

This paper applies Lie group analysis to complex PDEs in portfolio optimization with illiquid assets, identifying symmetries to simplify equations and derive solutions, advancing mathematical finance modeling techniques.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive Lie group analysis of HJB equations in portfolio models with illiquid assets, including new reduction methods and classifications for various utility functions.

Findings

Identified Lie symmetries for a broad class of liquidation time distributions.

Derived reductions of complex PDEs to simpler forms or ODEs.

Presented new substitution methods for simplifying nonlinear HJB equations.

Abstract

Management of a portfolio that includes an illiquid asset is an important problem of modern mathematical finance. One of the ways to model illiquidity among others is to build an optimization problem and assume that one of the assets in a portfolio can not be sold until a certain finite, infinite or random moment of time. This approach arises a certain amount of models that are actively studied at the moment. Working in the Merton's optimal consumption framework with continuous time we consider an optimization problem for a portfolio with an illiquid, a risky and a risk-free asset. Our goal in this paper is to carry out a complete Lie group analysis of PDEs describing value function and investment and consumption strategies for a portfolio with an illiquid asset that is sold in an exogenous random moment of time with a prescribed liquidation time distribution. The problem of such type leads to three dimensional nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations. Such equations are not only tedious for analytical methods but are also quite challenging form a numeric point of view. To reduce the three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional one or even to an ODE one usually uses some substitutions, yet the methods used to find such substitutions are rarely discussed by the authors. We find the admitted Lie algebra for a broad class of liquidation time distributions in cases of HARA and log utility functions and formulate corresponding theorems for all these cases. We use found Lie algebras to obtain reductions of the studied equations. Several of similar substitutions were used in other papers before whereas others are new to our knowledge. This method gives us the possibility to provide a complete set of non-equivalent substitutions and reduced equations.