Interpreting a 750 GeV Diphoton Resonance

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the 750 GeV diphoton excess observed at the LHC, deriving model-independent constraints and evaluating various theoretical explanations, including singlet, doublet, MSSM, and dilaton models, to guide future model building.

Contribution

It provides model-independent bounds on the resonance's properties and assesses the viability of multiple theoretical models explaining the excess.

Findings

The excess cannot be explained by simple singlet or doublet scalar models.

Heavy scalars in the MSSM are incompatible with the excess if electroweak vacuum stability is required.

A perturbative model with vectorlike quarks can explain the excess, especially with large electric charges.

Abstract

We discuss the implications of the significant excesses in the diphoton final state observed by the LHC experiments ATLAS and CMS around a diphoton invariant mass of 750 GeV. The interpretation of the excess as a spin-zero s-channel resonance implies model-independent lower bounds on both its branching ratio and its coupling to photons, which stringently constrain dynamical models. We consider both the case where the excess is described by a narrow and a broad resonance. We also obtain model-independent constraints on the allowed couplings and branching fractions to final states other than diphotons, by including the interplay with 8 TeV searches. These results can guide attempts to construct viable dynamical models of the resonance. Turning to specific models, our findings suggest that the anomaly cannot be accounted for by the presence of only an additional singlet or doublet spin-zero field and the Standard Model degrees of freedom; this includes all two-Higgs-doublet models. Likewise, heavy scalars in the MSSM cannot explain the excess if stability of the electroweak vacuum is required, at least in a leading-order analysis. If we assume that the resonance is broad we find that it is challenging to find a weakly coupled explanation. However, we provide an existence proof in the form of a model with vectorlike quarks with large electric charge that is perturbative up to the 100 TeV scale. For the narrow-resonance case a similar model can be perturbative up to high scales also with smaller charges. We also find that, in their simplest form, dilaton models cannot explain the size of the excess. Some implications for flavor physics are briefly discussed.