Symmetry for a general class of overdetermined elliptic problems

TL;DR

This paper proves that solutions to a broad class of overdetermined elliptic boundary value problems exhibit symmetry, specifically that the domain must be a ball, using continuous Steiner symmetrization techniques.

Contribution

It extends symmetry results to a general class of overdetermined elliptic problems with variable coefficients and boundary conditions, employing the method of continuous Steiner symmetrization.

Findings

The domain $\

Solutions are radially symmetric and the domain is a ball.

The method of continuous Steiner symmetrization is effective for these problems.

Abstract

Let $\Omega $ be a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R} ^N $, and let $u\in C^1 (\overline{\Omega }) $ be a weak solution of the following overdetermined BVP: $-\nabla (g(|\nabla u|)|\nabla u|^{-1} \nabla u )=f(|x|,u)$, $ u>0 $ in $\Omega $ and $u(x)=0, \ |\nabla u (x)| =\lambda (|x|)$ on $\partial \Omega $, where $g\in C([0,+\infty ))\cap C^1 ((0,+\infty ) ) $ with $g(0)=0$, $g'(t)>0$ for $t>0$, $f\in C([0,+\infty )) \times [0, +\infty ) )$, $f$ is nonincreasing in $|x|$, $\lambda \in C([0, +\infty )) $ and $\lambda $ is positive and nondecreasing. We show that $\Omega $ is a ball and $u$ satisfies some "local" kind of symmetry. The proof is based on the method of continuous Steiner symmetrization.