Ultra-high-energy-cosmic-ray hot spots from tidal disruption events

TL;DR

This paper explores whether tidal disruption events in nearby galaxies, especially M82, can explain observed ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray hotspots, analyzing their signals, constraints, and consistency with full-sky observations.

Contribution

It demonstrates that TDEs in M82 can account for the TA hotspot and assesses the compatibility of hot/warm spots with the overall cosmic-ray flux, considering various scenarios.

Findings

TDEs in M82 can explain the TA hotspot for both protons and heavier nuclei.

The isotropic flux from M82 and Cen A exceeds observations by about an order of magnitude.

Possible explanations include local overdensity and intermediate-mass nuclei in UHECRs.

Abstract

We consider the possibility that tidal disruption events (TDEs) caused by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in nearby galaxies can account for the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR) hotspot reported recently by the Telescope Array (TA) and the warm spot by Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO). We describe the expected cosmic-ray signal from a TDE and derive the constraints set by the timescale for dispersion due to intergalactic magnetic fields and the accretion time of the SMBH. We find that TDEs in M82 can explain the hotspot detected by the TA regardless of whether the UHECRs are composed of protons or heavier nuclei. We then check for consistency of the hot and warm spots from M82 and Cen A with the full-sky isotropic signal from all SMBHs within the GZK radius. This analysis applies to any scenario in which the hot/warm spots are real and due to M82 and Cen A, regardless of whether TDEs are the source of UHECRs. We find that the isotropic flux implied by the luminosity density inferred from M82 and Cen A is bigger than that observed by roughly an order of magnitude, but we provide several possible explanations, including the possibility of a local overdensity and the possibility of intermediate-mass nuclei in UHECRs, to resolve the tension.