Towards 21st Century Stellar Models: Star Clusters, Supercomputing, and Asteroseismology

TL;DR

Advances in observational astronomy are exposing limitations in current stellar models, necessitating the development of improved models to better understand stellar evolution and populations.

Contribution

This paper reviews the evolution, importance, and uncertainties of stellar models, highlighting the need for next-generation models driven by new observational data and methods.

Findings

Current models have significant uncertainties affecting stellar evolution understanding.

Observational techniques like asteroseismology are crucial for model validation.

Enhanced models are needed to interpret large-scale survey data effectively.

Abstract

Stellar models provide a vital basis for many aspects of astronomy and astrophysics. Recent advances in observational astronomy -- through asteroseismology, precision photometry, high-resolution spectroscopy, and large-scale surveys -- are placing stellar models under greater quantitative scrutiny than ever. The model limitations are being exposed and the next generation of stellar models is needed as soon as possible. The current uncertainties in the models propagate to the later phases of stellar evolution, hindering our understanding of stellar populations and chemical evolution. Here we give a brief overview of the evolution, importance, and substantial uncertainties of core helium burning stars in particular and then briefly discuss a range of methods, both theoretical and observational, that we are using to advance the modelling.