TL;DR
This paper investigates the gauge dependence of Kaluza-Klein mode decomposition in massive Abelian gauge theories with charged matter on a circle, revealing how zero-mode gauge fields influence KK spectra and cosmological particle production.
Contribution
It demonstrates the gauge dependence of KK mode numbers and masses in charged matter theories, and explores implications for cosmological particle production when the gauge field acts as an inflaton.
Findings
KK mass spectrum is gauge-invariant
Mode number depends on gauge choice
Massless modes occur at specific gauge field values
Abstract
In this article we study Kaluza-Klein (KK) dimensional reduction of massive Abelian gauge theories with charged matter fields on a circle. Since local gauge transformations change position dependence of the charged fields, the decomposition of the charged matter fields into KK modes is gauge dependent. While whole KK mass spectrum is independent of the gauge choice, the mode number depends on the gauge. The masses of the KK modes also depend on the field value of the zero-mode of the extra dimensional component of the gauge field. In particular, one of the KK modes in the KK tower of each massless 5D charged field becomes massless at particular values of the extra-dimensional component of the gauge field. When the extra-dimensional component of the gauge field is identified with the inflaton, this structure leads to recursive cosmological particle productions.
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