Exact solutions, energy and charge of stable Q-balls

TL;DR

This paper derives exact solutions for Q-balls in two dimensions, analyzing how to control their energy and charge to ensure stability, with implications for field theory models.

Contribution

It provides explicit analytic solutions for Q-balls in two-dimensional models with Higgs-like potentials, advancing understanding of their stability conditions.

Findings

Exact solutions for Q-balls in two dimensions

Methods to control energy and charge for stability

Insights into potential types supporting stable Q-balls

Abstract

In this work we deal with nontopological solutions of the Q-ball type in two spacetime dimensions. We study models of current interest, described by a Higgs-like and other, similar potentials which unveil the presence of exact solutions. We use the analytic results to investigate how to control the energy and charge to make the Q-balls stable.