The $2\pi$ Subsystem in Diffractively Produced $\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ at COMPASS

TL;DR

The paper introduces a new method to extract isobar amplitudes directly from high-precision diffractive $^-^+^-$ data, reducing model dependence and systematic uncertainties in partial-wave analysis at COMPASS.

Contribution

It presents a novel, more model-independent approach for analyzing isobar amplitudes in diffractive three-pion production data.

Findings

New method reduces systematic uncertainties in partial-wave analysis.

Application to COMPASS data confirms previous signals, including the $a_1(1420)$.

Enhanced understanding of scalar $^+^-$ subsystem dynamics.

Abstract

The COMPASS experiment at CERN has collected a large dataset of $50$ million $\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ events produced diffractively from a proton target using a $190\,\mathrm{GeV}/c$ pion beam. The partial-wave analysis (PWA) of these high-precision data reveals previously unseen details but is limited in parts by systematic effects. The PWA is based on the isobar model, in which multi-particle decays are described as a chain of subsequent two-body decays. Here, fixed mass distributions for the appearing intermediate resonances, the so-called isobars, are assumed. These shapes, which e.g. may be parametrized by Breit-Wigner amplitudes, represent prior knowledge that has to be put into the analysis model and may therefore introduce a model dependence, thus increasing systematic uncertainties. We present a novel method, which allows to extract isobar amplitudes directly from the data in a more model-independent way. As a first application, diffractively produced $\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ events are analyzed. Here, the focus lies in particular on the scalar $\pi^+\pi^-$ subsystem, where in a previous analysis a signal for a new axial-vector state $a_1(1420)$ was found in the $f_0(980)\pi$ decay mode.