An extension of ergodic theory for Gauss-type maps

TL;DR

This paper extends ergodic theory to Gauss-type maps, analyzing invariant measures on an expanded function space, and explores implications for the completeness of certain inner functions in complex analysis.

Contribution

It introduces an extended state space for ergodic analysis of Gauss-type maps and develops new methods to study invariant measures in this broader context.

Findings

Standard ergodicity results extend with difficulty to the larger space

Develops a dynamical decomposition of the odd part of the Hilbert kernel

Decides the completeness of powers of two in $H^e$ with weak-star topology

Abstract

We propose an extension of ergodic theory which focuses on the identification of ergodicity in terms of the uniqueness of the invariant measure. We first explain the concept for the doubling maps, which can be analyzed using Fourier methods. We then proceed to the Gauss-type maps of interest, of the form $x\mapsto -\beta/x$ mod $2\mathbb Z$ on the symmetric interval $[-1,1]$, for $0<\beta\le1$. We study an extended state space on the interval, formed as the restriction to the interval $[-1,1]$ of functions of the form $f+\mathbf{H}g$, where $f$ and $g$ are $L^1$-functions. We then look for invariant states for the Gauss-type map. We find that the standard ergodicity results available for $L^1$ extend with difficulty to the larger state space. The machinery developed involves a dynamical decomposition of the odd part of the Hilbert kernel. We apply the result to decide the issue when the nonnegative integer powers of two given atomic singular inner functions is complete in $H^\infty$ with respect to the weak-star topology.