Dyons near the transition temperature in lattice QCD

TL;DR

This paper investigates the topological structure of QCD near the transition temperature by analyzing dyons and calorons using lattice simulations, revealing correlations between topological clusters, monopoles, and Polyakov lines.

Contribution

It introduces a novel cluster analysis method combining fermionic and gluonic topological charge densities to identify dyon constituents in lattice QCD near the transition temperature.

Findings

Identification of dyon constituents via cluster analysis.

Correlation between topological clusters and monopoles.

Matching fermionic and gluonic topological densities at optimal flow.

Abstract

We study the topological structure of QCD by cluster analysis. The fermionic topological charge density is constructed from low lying modes of overlap Dirac operator for three types of temporal boundary conditions for fermion field. This gives the possibility to mark all three dyon constitutents of KvBLL caloron in gluonic fields. The gluonic topological charge density is appearing in the process of overimproved gradient flow process stopped at the moment when it maximally matches the fermionic topological charge density. This corresponds to the smearing of gluonic fields up to the scale set by dyon size. The time-like Abelian monopoles and specific KvBLL pattern of Polyakov line correlate with topological clusters.