Hybrid MIMO Architectures for Millimeter Wave Communications: Phase Shifters or Switches?

TL;DR

This paper compares hybrid MIMO architectures for mmWave communications, proposing switch-based designs to reduce complexity and power consumption while maintaining spectral efficiency, and introduces a new channel estimation technique.

Contribution

It introduces switch-based hybrid MIMO architectures and a hardware-independent channel estimation method, analyzing their performance and trade-offs with phase shifter-based systems.

Findings

Switch-based architectures match or outperform phase shifter designs in channel estimation.

Switch-based systems reduce hardware complexity and power consumption.

All hybrid architectures achieve similar spectral efficiencies at equal power levels.

Abstract

Hybrid analog/digital MIMO architectures were recently proposed as an alternative for fully-digitalprecoding in millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communication systems. This is motivated by the possible reduction in the number of RF chains and analog-to-digital converters. In these architectures, the analog processing network is usually based on variable phase shifters. In this paper, we propose hybrid architectures based on switching networks to reduce the complexity and the power consumption of the structures based on phase shifters. We define a power consumption model and use it to evaluate the energy efficiency of both structures. To estimate the complete MIMO channel, we propose an open loop compressive channel estimation technique which is independent of the hardware used in the analog processing stage. We analyze the performance of the new estimation algorithm for hybrid architectures based on phase shifters and switches. Using the estimated, we develop two algorithms for the design of the hybrid combiner based on switches and analyze the achieved spectral efficiency. Finally, we study the trade-offs between power consumption, hardware complexity, and spectral efficiency for hybrid architectures based on phase shifting networks and switching networks. Numerical results show that architectures based on switches obtain equal or better channel estimation performance to that obtained using phase shifters, while reducing hardware complexity and power consumption. For equal power consumption, all the hybrid architectures provide similar spectral efficiencies.